Home > Topics > The Physical Body > F-06
For inhalation Basho speaks of "fragrance" entering the nose, and for exhalation of voice accompanying the air. Since these 12 verses are all about breath, we can practice them as a form of Yoga, a way to learn the life-giving properties of breath which the Yogis call prana, a way of paying attention and connecting to a greater power in the Universe.
The infant draws in a long, deep breath, retains it for a moment to extract from it its life-giving properties, and then exhales it in a long wail, and lo! its life upon earth has begun. The old man gives a faint gasp, ceases to breathe, and life is over… Life is but a series of breaths.
Yogi Ramacharaka (William Atkinson) 1904
An ordinary boy in a seaside village stands on a cape or hill where he can see the bay. When his eagle-like eyes spot a whale, he blows with skill and determination into the shell to produce a sound that alerts the village men to grab their harpoons and rush to their boats to chase the whale. Meanwhile the prey flees, the waves surge, and the boy watches excitedly from his post – all this comes from his breath, his prana, passing through the shell.
Baby goes “blue in the face” over some upset, crying that panicky scream that so upsets adult ears and brain. That scream, so necessary for success in human evolution, is the baby’s breath and prana. The mother or sitter is busy with something else, so to shut the kid up, she thrusts him or her into a cradle and then what happens?
Imagine the crying baby as a house under construction – busy, busy, busy with carpenters inside the frame and around it, and roofers on top, sawing, hammering, moving things about, shouting to each other. As it grows dark, they all leave and that house becomes absolutely silent. Basho portrays the seemingly magical quieting effect a cradle has on the infant. Movement calms the emotions. All that frantic screaming, facial distortion, falling tears, and pathetic wailing, disappears into silence and peaceful breathing.
Her husband wakes up the town, but Basho has eyes only for the wife, getting up in the freezing winter dawn to, like a goddess, awaken the hearth fire with her breath. She may be blowing directly onto the coals, or through a bamboo tube. Throughout the ages in every land before gas, electricity, timers, sensors, remote and automatic controls, women have gotten up early to awaken the fire as the wife does here. She is eternal, a goddess of fire, proclaimed by bells.
In the evening when her child has not come home, she propels her voice, her breath and life force, throughout the neighborhood either to reach the child or to tell the neighbors to assist her search. Notice the links: from glowing embers to moonlight and stars, from breath that awakens a fire to breath that reaches a lost child.
A chorus of women allows one woman to lead them, so their sound, their collective prana, goes far. AMONG WOMEN, may serve as an anthem to female solidarity and empowerment. Say the words as three measures in a musical composition, three beats and a silent pause, four beats, three beats and a pause, so they become a mantra.
Children are scattered about the room, so mother has to “glare about” to address them all -- not that they listen. In addition to the mother’s the abundant activity of the mother is the hullaballoo of children: arguing, fighting, climbing, crawling, running about, breaking, swallowing things, this winter day in 17th century Japan. Basho balances all this lively, noisy, human ado with a single, tiny, delicate female breath.
Mother at the hearth is broiling balls of soybean paste on wooden skewers to make a side dish. A bit of ash from the fire has gotten on the sticky miso. While she orders her kids to behave, she brings the skewer close to her mouth, purses her lips and exhales a short burst of air at the ash to propel it off the miso. The astonishing delicacy of this action even the fingers of elves could not perform is the polar opposite of her glaring and shouting at her kids. Both ordering and puffing are her breath, her life force.
Yogis say prana enters the body through inhalation and returns to the Universe through exhalation; As Mother gave birth to these children, now she gives her breath, her prana, to the food that will nourish them. . We connect with this mother; breathing with her, transcending space and time, to share prana with her. According to Shinto, our faults are not inherent; rather they are as dust on a mirror, easily wiped off to restore the original purity. Basho’s speck of ash on miso is a similar metaphor. The mother’s anger is not inherent; she can restore her inner peace by puffing away the ash from her spirit. In the way of Yoga, we can puff away our own anger and restore acceptance of human life and activity.
Flowers are fragrant to attract insects -- some flowers give off odor plumes that move downwind and are detectable by bees more than a kilometer away -- however humans also enjoy these scents. Airborne particles bind to receptors in the nose which transmit messages to the brain’s olfactory bulb where the input will interact with parts of the brain responsible for smell identification, memory, and emotion.
In February, the weather is still very cold, but small white clusters of white or pink petals form on the naked plum tree branches. Unlike cherry blossoms which have hardly any fragrance, plum blossoms have a gentle refreshing scent which energizes us to hang in there, and survive till Spring warmth comes. Basho wrote both of the following haiku in his hometown Iga:
Peat is partly decayed plant material almost permanently saturated in bogs and swamps, dug out to dry and burn as fuel – it stinks to high heaven. Basho commands the plum blossoms to emit more of those “odor plumes” to overcome the foul stink in his inhalation.
So lovely are the plum blossoms that even the sound of someone blowing his nose against his hand -- I think they call this a “farmer’s blow” -- cannot interfere with Basho’s appreciation of their beauty.
She reads beside the window next to a plum tree in bloom, her youth in contrast to the classical elegance of plum blossoms and the romantic tales old centuries before she was born. Unable to go outside and wander as her brothers can, she does her traveling inside books. Tales from long ago inspire her -- as that old storybook Little Women has inspired millions of young girls including Gertrude Stein, Gloria Steinem, Simone de Beauvoir, Ursula Le Guin, Sandra Day O’Connor, Ruth Ginsberg, Hillary Clinton, and J.K. Rowling.
While her eyes are on the page, the flowers’ airborne particles reach her olfactory receptors. Because the olfactory signal in the brain terminates in or near the amygdala, odors are strongly linked to memories and evoke emotions. One sensation facilitates the others; here, the fragrance enhances her reading experience. The fragrance takes her back in time to the world in the storybooks. If we inhale along with her, we too can travel to other worlds and other times.
In his final year, 1694, Basho discovered his deepest insights into the nature of breathing fragrance. In February
Basho blends two sensory experiences – vision of the sun rising, and scent of plum blossoms in the air. February the coldest time of the year, early morning the coldest time of the day, the mountains colder and windier than anywhere else, yet wild plum blossoms are colorful and fragrant as if to honor the rising Sun.
In June he went west on his final journey:
Suruga – now Shizuoka-ken – has two famous products: tea and mikan or Mandarin oranges; the fragrance of tea is everywhere in Suruga, even entering into the fragrance of mikan blossoms.
In August beside Lake Biwa, he had an insight of the oneness Yogis speak of:
Finally at the end of October, one month before his death
Nara was the capital of Japan when Buddhism entered the land, and the city retains the oldest Buddhist statues. Makoto Ueda says
The ancient world those Buddhas watched with their merciful eyes is somehow present in the elegant, noble fragrance that pervades the air of Nara. Inhaling that fragrance, one feels that the ancient images were alive and breathing.
<< Sickness and Health (F-05) | (F-07) Diagram of a Snore >> |
The Three Thirds of Basho